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Carl Jung, one of the most influential figures in modern psychology, introduced the idea of the shadow  as a central part of our inner world. The shadow refers to the aspects of ourselves we tend to hide, reject or push away. These can be traits, feelings, urges or memories that we believe are unacceptable or unwanted, either because of social norms or personal experiences. We all have a shadow. It might show up in moments of irritability, judgement, or shame. It can also app

The concept of the Window of Tolerance  is foundational to trauma recovery work and nervous system regulation. First introduced by Dr. Dan Siegel and widely applied in somatic approaches like Peter Levine’s Somatic Experiencing, this model helps us understand how our mind and body respond to stress, threat, and overwhelm, and how we can come back to a place of calm and connection. At its core, the Window of Tolerance describes the bandwidth in which we function optimally - wh

Have you ever walked away from a distressing experience feeling frustrated with yourself for not speaking up or taking action? Or found that in conflict, you tend to go quiet, shut down, or even go blank? If so, you’re not alone — and importantly, it’s not your fault. What you're experiencing is a natural, automatic reaction from your survival brain. When an event feels overwhelming, your nervous system may activate what's called the freeze response : a primal, instinctive su

When it comes to trauma, many of us think of painful memories, intrusive thoughts, or overwhelming emotions. But as pioneering trauma experts Dr. Peter Levine and Dr. Bessel van der Kolk have shown us, trauma isn’t just stored in the mind — it’s held in the body. Whether from a single distressing event or prolonged periods of stress or neglect, trauma shapes how our nervous system responds to the world. It can leave us stuck in patterns of hyper-vigilance, shutdown, or emotio